滑雪技術等級區分表

[norman]

我把一些我知道的等級表貼出來，偷偷外加一個小弟的。

whistler、blackcomb六個等級分類表：

Ski Ability Chart

Level 1: I am just learning to ski.

· I can balance in a straight run

· I am able to turn left and right

· I am able to do a snowplow stop

· I am ready for Level 2

Level 2: I can turn both ways and stop.

· I can make turns in both directions on easy slopes

· I am linking turns to control my speed

· I am starting to match my skis at the end of the turn

· I am ready for Level 3

Level 3: I can consistently link snowplow turns or ski in a wide parallel stance on easy terrain.

· I can traverse across easy slopes on one ski and sideslip easily

· I can skate on flat terrain and hockey stop on both sides

· My skis are parallel throughout a turn on intermediate terrain

· I am ready for Level 4

Level 4: I am able to ski parallel turns with a pole plant on easy blue runs.

I can make small, medium and long round turns on blue runs

· I keep my balance and link turns in small bumps and powder

·I am able to ski round turns on the easiest black runs

·I am ready for Level 5

Level 5: I am able to ski strong parallel turns on all blue runs and easy black runs. I enjoy skiing more difficult terrain, bumps and powder.

· I am able to carve long and short radius turns on blue runs

· I am using my poles with rhythm and timing

· I am able to ski parallel turns in powder and deep snow

· I can do basic parallel turns in the fall-line in easy bumps

· I am ready for Level 6

Level 6: I have good ski performance and I am able to ski in control in most conditions and terrain.

· I can carve long and short radius turns on advanced terrain

· I can do advanced parallel turns in the fall-line in black bumps

· I can adapt to all types of terrain and snow conditions

出處連結網址
http://www.whistlerblackcomb.com/rental ... ty_ski.htm


NZSIA六級版

SKI ABILITY GUIDE

Beginners Level 1：

First time skier. You’ve never skied before.

Goal：Make a controlled stop and basic turn.


Novice Level 2：

You can stop in a wedge and make basic turns.

Goal：Gain confidence on learner lifts an easy green runs, link turns with control and with rhythm.


Intermediate Level 3a：

You make linked wedge turns with comfortable speed control on all green runs/learner lifts.

Goal：Match your skis to parallel at the end of each turn. Gain confidence on lifts and green trail.


Intermediate Level 3b：

You match your skis to parallel from the middle of your turn. Ski with confidence on all green/easy blue trails.

Goal：Ski blue runs with confidence, match skis to parallel for most turns.


Intermediate Level 4：

You ski blue runs confidently and match skis to parallel very early in the turn.

Goal：You make round and controlled parallel turns and may use a pole plant. Ski steeper blue trails with confidence.


Advanced Level 5：

You make strong turns on all steep blue runs with confidence, speed control and use a pole plant.

Goal：Make dynamic carving turns .long and short dynamic turns with pole plant, in easy bumps, groomed black runs.


Advanced Level 6 – mountain challenge：

You make dynamic, caving turns on black runs. You ski with control off – piste and in easy bumps.

Goal：Ski with precise technique and form in all conditions and terrain. Ski more dynamically with less effort. Feel yourself become a true”expert”.


九級版

Level 1 skiers are first time skiers who have never skied before.

Level 2 skiers are cautious novices who are able to do a " snow plow" (wedge) turn both ways and are able to stop, but linking turns smoothly may be difficult. Level Two skiers may have skied once or twice before

Level 3 skiers are confident novices who are able to stop and make round snow plow turns on easy beginner trails.

Level 4 skiers are cautious intermediate skiers who can link turns but still moderate speed. Level Four skiers ski in a small wedge and their skis may even be parallel at the end of the turn on green or easy blue trails. Level Four is a transition level in which skiers will begin to ski more blue intermediate runs.

Level 5 skiers are intermediates who are confident on easy blue runs and ski mostly parallel but may at times use the wedge to begin a turn or to stop. Level Five skiers may be cautious on intermediate trails that are slightly steep or icy.

Level 6 skiers confidently make parallel turns on blue runs but do not ski many advanced trails. Level Six skiers use their poles to time turns. A Level Six skier is interested in learning to ski better on more challenging terrain.

Level 7 skiers ski controlled parallel turns and can ski very well on blue trails. Level Seven skiers can control their speed and rhythm of black diamond trails, but they are looking to ski on challenging trails with better style. Level Seven skiers can adjust the size and length of their turns and are learning to ski on a variety of different types of snow and terrain.

Level 8 skiers ski with good technique on all terrain and snow conditions. Level Eight skiers can ski moguls and are able to ski black diamond trails with confidence using carved turns.

Level 9 skiers enjoy the challenge of difficult ski trails and ski moguls, steeps, and other black diamond terrain.


PSIA九級版

USA Professional Ski Instructors of America (PSIA) Skill Levels

Here's a brief definition of the 9 levels used by PSIA. Check out at level you are at.

Level 1: First time on skis.

Level 2: Has spent a few hours on the slopes and can ski in a cautious wedge on the easiest terrain; can link basic wedge turns.

Level 3: Skis with a solid wedge, turns on easier green terrain.

Level 4: Skis on all green trails confidently with wedge turns or beginning wedge christie turns (beginning turn in a wedge but ending with skis parallel).

Level 5: Skis wedge-christie turns on easier blue terrain.

Level 6: Skis beginning parallel turns on green terrain and advanced wedge christie turns on blue terrain.

Level 7: Skis in a comfortable open stance parallel on all blue and less challenging, groomed black terrain. Can skis easy blue bumps maintaining rhythm and speed control.

Level 8: Skis short and long dynamic parallel turns on green, blue, and easier black terrain, while skiing more open stance parallel turns on harder and double black slopes. Can ski in the fall line in blue and less challenging black bumps. Skis with confidence in light powder, but still has trouble in heavy, wet or crusted snow.

Level 9: Is proficient in all kinds of skiing at dynamic speeds.


The USA system has limited dynamic range near the end of the scale and designed to make you feel good. Here is the British system but I don't know whether it is official.


UK十級版

UK 10-Point Skier Ability Scale

Level 1: First-time skier.

Level 2: Second week skier.

Level 3: Skied a few weeks, happy on green and blue runs.

Level 4: Skiing parallel on blues, starting to tackle reds.

Level 5: OK on reds, struggle on blacks.

Level 6: Can get down blacks but struggle on bumps and off-piste.

Level 7: Happy on most groomed blacks and easy bumps, but find steep bumps and off-piste tricky.

Level 8: Can ski all but the steepest bumps and off-piste with style except in poor snow conditions or deep powder.

Level 9: No problems mate. Able to ski everywhere in all manner of snow conditions.

Level 10: Professional skier, instructor, freerider or racer.

reds in Europe = black diamonds in NA
blacks in Europe = double black diamonds in NA


Roseland water park版

Ski Ability Levels
Yellow First Time Skier
Level 1. Congratulations! A half/full day lesson equips you with the basic skills to enjoy the sport. This small investment will last a lifetime!
Level 2. You are able to stop on green runs using the wedge or "snowplow" and are able to make direction changes.
Green
Level 3. You are able to stop and link wedge turns on green runs comfortably.
Green and Easy Blue
Level 4. You rely more on turn shape to slow down. Your wedge is getting smaller and at the finish of a turn your skis are running parallel, which is a major milestone!
Blue
Level 5. You are using similar wedge-match to parallel techniques to the level 4 skier but are more comfortable on blue runs.
Level 6. Your wedge (or stem) is nearly gone and you are making open parallel turns on blue runs.
Blue and Easy Black
Level 7. You are able to change turn radius and duration comfortably on blue runs. Pole plants are being used to time turns. Blue/black runs are starting to look skiable.
Black
Level 8. You are comfortable on blue/black runs and can ski in the fall line on easy moguls.
Level 9. You can ski black diamond bumps, steeps, and varied snow conditions comfortably.

連結網址：
http://www.roselandwaterpark.com/winter ... levels.asp

[norman]

PSIA新的級數表：2010年版。我覺得這麼定義得蠻清楚，蠻棒的。

原文出處：

http://www.skimybest.com/skilevel.htm

PSIA skill levels for alpine skiers

SKI SCHOOLS arrange skiers into skill levels to help get students into the most productive learning situations. In the United States, these levels usually follow those defined by the Professional Ski Instructors of America. Level 1 is a first-time skier (never skied before, can't stop or turn) and level 9 is the highest, expert, level (and is a higher skill level than is required for instructors teaching most classes).

There are tremendous differences in the finesse of actions skiers can perform at these various levels. Yet the physical factors dealt with at each level are the same. These factors are the human body with its individual characteristics, varying snow types, differing ski-slope angles, fast or slow speeds, equipment differences, and more. And so modern ski instruction uses consistent progressions of the same basic skills to master higher levels as one moves up the learning ladder.

Commonly the first several skill levels (say levels 1 through 4) are accomplished in one session each of 2 to 3 hours (8 to 12 hours of lessons). Some beginners may be able to move through a level faster, and some will need to either retake a level or practice its maneuvers before moving up. Because skiing can be a lifetime sport, it is better to build an adequate foundation than to leave fundamentals unlearned or to have to relearn the better way to do a particular maneuver after learning it wrong--it's always easier to learn it right the first time. It might at first seem that instructors are trying to sell more lessons by having you move up the ladder one rung at a time or even to repeat a rung, but probably they will end up selling fewer lessons because folks will have a chance to get it right early on and thus avoid later fixes.

Progress is personal; it depends on factors such as other sports experiences, conditioning and functionality of one's body parts, attitudes, and equipment. Learning to ski is not a competitive activity.

Note in the levels outlined below, ski turns may follow the lines of the letter C (a single turn one way) or a backwards C (a single turn the other way), the letter S (linked turns each way, or Cs or Ss that are incomplete and/or have straight stretches before or after. Skiers speak of the parallel position of skis and of parallel turns. While parallel lines in mathematics always run straight, "parallel" lines in skiing may turn, just as "parallel" railroad tracks may. Note, too, that "parallel" in skiing means not only that each ski in the pair is aligned the same direction, but also that the bases are tilted at the same angle.

Skiers should aspire to at least skill level 6, that of solid parallel skiing, which will allow them to explore most of most ski areas with confidence and efficiency. As stated by the Professional Ski Instructors of America, "The parallel turn is your key measure to unlock the mountains' pleasures and treasures." While it is common for new skiers to progress up through level 4 or 5 with one lesson per level, higher skill levels usually require repeated lessons at the same level, more so if there is a time lapse between the sessions. If you can make the choice, take your initial lessons over a short time interval rather than over a whole season or more.

Again, ski schools may use a wedge approach to learning or direct-to-parallel. Both are valid. The choice may depend on terrain available and slope traffic any given day. Combining the two approaches is another way, and in the level descriptions below we include the skills learned in each of these ways to learn even though your instructor may introduce movements at different times than shown depending on which method is emphasized. The direct-to-parallel method involves more tipping of both skis while the wedge method involves more turning of the skis with the feet and legs.

●Level 1 Aspirations: (You have never skied before; perhaps you only want to try the sport out or you may already be committed to learn it.) Learn about equipment, how to walk and slide with skis parallel, climb using ski edges, turn while standing in place (bullfighter turn), turn while sliding by stepping, tip skis to turn, turn using the gliding wedge (snowplow, skis are in a V with the point in front), stop gradually using the braking wedge, how to fall and how to get up, and ride a surface and/or chair lift. Learn basic ski skills: twisting the legs, tilting the skis, and managing the amount and distribution of pressure on the skis. (Level 1 is the hardest ski lesson you'll ever take; it will give you the alphabet to "read" the "book" of skiing and you will learn the most in any lesson you will ever take; you might not complete all the elements above but if you can adequately turn and stop on the learning hill, you should be able to go on to level 2 ; look forward to level 2 for more fun.) Ski on practice slopes ("palest" green).

●Level 2 Aspirations: Groove in what was learned in Level 1. Add elements not covered earlier. Then, with foot tilting, turn the skis up the hill to slow and stop, then down the hill to make a complete turn. Also learn more about foot steering to change direction, improve gliding wedge turns and link them in S's, vary turn shapes, ski slightly faster speeds, improve balance, traverse. Ski on steeper parts of practice slopes ("pale" green).

●Level 3 Aspirations: Still starting turns by tipping the skis or in the gliding wedge, either maintain the skis parallel or steer them (as in a wedge christie) with the feet to parallel by the turn's finish, with skidding; ski a bit faster speeds than in level 2 so that speed that comes with steeper slopes can be managed. Move to easier green (easiest) slopes.

●Level 4 Aspirations: Still starting turns either by tipping skis while parallel or using the gliding wedge, with the feet maintain or steer skis (making an intermediate wedge christie) to parallel in mid-turn ; sideslip; do skidded parallel turns to a stop (hockey stop); ski faster speeds. Move to steeper green slopes, longer runs.

●■Level 5 Aspirations: Still starting turns either by tipping skis while parallel or using the gliding wedge, with the feet maintain the skis parallel or steer skis (making an advanced wedge christie) to parallel before mid-turn; optionally begin using ski-pole touches; explore easier blue terrain; experience uneven slopes and easier ungroomed snow conditions; ski still faster speeds; explore more of the mountain and begin to experience the full pleasures and joys of skiing. Ski steeper green slopes, more difficult parts of green slopes and easy blue slopes.

■Level 6 Aspirations: Stay in the parallel position throughout turns, tipping and steering skis with feet to produce turns; begin learning pure edged turns and pure steered turns; use ski poles in varied ways, experience shallower powder and smaller bumps, adjust skiing speed at will regardless of slope angle or snow type, vary turn shape, optionally run gates. By level 6, start analyzing what you hear about skiing equipment and technique so you know it makes sense to you and "try it before you buy it". Your personal goals and body attributes may indicate special choices from the buffet available. Ski more difficult blue slopes.

■♦Level 7 Aspirations: Expand skills into powder and bumps and ungroomed snow. Link short-radius turns. Isolate the skills of turning by pivoting the skis versus turning by tilting them, run gates, ski advanced terrain. Start making tactical choices to apply mechanics to situations of snow texture and terrain. Ski blue and black slopes.

♦Level 8 Aspirations: Apply tactical variations to turns for effect in varying conditions or for intent, let tilting the ski become the main tool for turning you instead of you twisting the ski with your foot, except in special situations like bumps or quick stops. Explore alternate turn entries--converging, parallel step, diverging, inside ski, one ski. Ski on black slopes and possibly double-black (extreme) slopes.

♦♦Level 9 Aspirations: Ski bumps with short or long-radius turns, ski deep powder, ski steeps, run gates; use the carved turn as your principal turning method but apply tactical choices accurately for conditions or intent; get into organized skiing as a racer, race official, instructor, or patrolman. Ski all slopes in all conditions is the ultimate goal, recognizing that Olympic racers and extreme skiers are in another zone of level 9.

This "Skier Skill Levels" page last modified 03/18/2010: \SkiMyBest\skilevel.htm. Copyright © 2010 William R Jones.